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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 527-534, abr. 2023. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440307

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a ligament that mainly controls the anterior and rotational mobility of the knee joint, and its surface is covered by a synovial membrane with large number of blood vessels. In general, nutritional supply to the ligament is from many capillaries in the adjacent synovium. However, statistical studies of the capillaries distributed to the ACL are insufficient. In this study, we examined cross-sectional histological images of the femoral attachment (femoral level), middle level of the tendon (middle level), and tibial attachment (tibial level) of the ACL and statistically analyzed blood capillary distribution among the three levels. The ACLs of 10 cadavers were divided into 5 equal sections, and 4mm-thick paraffin sections were made at the femoral level, middle level, and tibial level, and then hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were performed. The area of each transverse section was measured using Image-J 1.51n (U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Fiber bundles of the ACL were relatively small and sparse in cross-sectional area at the femoral level and became larger and denser toward the tibial level. Many blood levels. The synovium at the attachment of ACL covered the surface of the fiber bundle and also penetrated deeply between the fiber bundles. In particular, the blood capillaries were densely distributed in the synovium at the femoral attachment rather than another two levels. Indeed, the number of capillaries were also most abundant in the femoral level. The cross-sectional ACL area at the femoral level is significantly small, however, the blood capillaries were most abundant. Therefore, when the ACL is injured, its reconstruction with preservation of the femoral ligamentous remnant may be clinically useful for remodeling of the grafted tendon.


El ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es un ligamento que controla principalmente la movilidad anterior y rotacional de la articulación de la rodilla, y su superficie está cubierta por una membrana sinovial con gran cantidad de vasos sanguíneos. En general, el suministro de nutrientes al ligamento proviene de muchos capilares en la sinovial adyacente. Sin embargo, los estudios estadísticos de los capilares distribuidos en el LCA son insuficientes. En este estudio, examinamos imágenes histológicas trans- versales de la inserción femoral (nivel femoral), el nivel medio del tendón (nivel medio) y la inserción tibial (nivel tibial) del LCA y analizamos estadísticamente la distribución de los capilares sanguíneos entre los tres niveles. Los LCA de 10 cadáveres se dividieron en 5 secciones iguales y se realizaron cortes en parafina de 4 µm de espesor a nivel femoral, medio y tibial, y luego se realizó tinción con hematoxilina-eosina (HE). El área de cada sección transversal se midió utilizando Image-J 1.51n (Institutos Nacionales de Salud de EE. UU., Bethesda, MD, EE. UU.). Los haces de fibras del LCA eran relativamente pequeños y escasos en el área de la sección transversal a nivel femoral y se hicieron más grandes y más densos hacia el nivel tibial. La membrana sinovial en la unión del LCA cubría la superficie del haz de fibras y también penetraba profundamente entre entre los haces de fibras. En particular, los capilares sanguíneos estaban densamente distribuidos en la unión femoral de la sinovial respecto a los otros dos niveles. De hecho, el número de capilares también fue más abundante a nivel femoral. El área transversal del LCA a nivel femoral era significativamente pequeña, sin embargo, los capilares sanguíneos fueron los más abundantes. Por lo tanto, cuando hay una lesión del LCA su reconstrucción con preservación del ligamento femoral remanente puede ser clínicamente útil para remodelar el tendón injertado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Anterior Cruciate Ligament/blood supply , Femur/blood supply , Synovial Membrane/blood supply , Tibia/blood supply , Cadaver
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 333-342, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440309

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Changes in the microcirculation of multiple tissues and organs have been implicated as a possible mechanism in physiological aging. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor is a secretory protein responsible for regulating angiogenesis via altering endothelial proliferation, survival, migration, extracellular matrix degradation and cell permeability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the progression of morphological alterations caused by physiological aging in the heart and kidney and to examine its relation to changes in capillary density. We used two age groups of healthy Wistar rats - 6- and 12-month- old. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was examined through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence and assessed semi-quantitatively. Changes in capillary density were evaluated statistically and correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. We reported stronger immunoreactivity for vascular endothelial growth factor in the left compared to the right ventricle and also observed an increase in its expression in both ventricles in older animals. Contrasting results were reported for the renal cortex and medulla. Capillary density decreased statistically in all examined structures as aging progressed. The studied correlations were statistically significant in the two ventricles in 12-month-old animals and in the renal cortex of both age groups. Our results shed light on some changes in the microcirculation that take place as aging advances and likely contribute to impairment in the function of the examined organs.


Los cambios en la microcirculación de múltiples tejidos y órganos se han implicado como un posible mecanismo en el envejecimiento fisiológico. En particular, el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular es una proteína secretora responsable de regular la angiogénesis mediante la alteración de la proliferación endotelial, la supervivencia, la migración, la degradación de la matriz extracelular y la permeabilidad celular. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el papel del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular en la progresión de las alteraciones morfológicas causadas por el envejecimiento fisiológico en el corazón y riñón y examinar su relación con los cambios en la densidad capilar. Utilizamos dos grupos de ratas Wistar sanas: 6 y 12 meses de edad. La expresión del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular se examinó mediante inmunohistoquímica e inmunofluorescencia y se evaluó semicuantitativamente. Los cambios en la densidad capilar se evaluaron estadísticamente y se correlacionaron con la expresión del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular. Informamos una inmunorreactividad más fuerte para el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular en el ventrículo izquierdo en comparación con el derecho y también observamos un aumento en su expresión en ambos ventrículos en animales mayores. Se informaron resultados contrastantes para la corteza renal y la médula. La densidad capilar disminuyó estadísticamente en todas las estructuras examinadas a medida que avanzaba el envejecimiento. Las correlaciones estudiadas fueron estadísticamente significativas en los dos ventrículos en animales de 12 meses y en la corteza renal de ambos grupos de edad. Nuestros resultados arrojan luz sobre algunos cambios en la microcirculación que tienen lugar a medida que avanza el envejecimiento y probablemente contribuyan a un deterioro en la función de los órganos examinados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Aging , Coronary Vessels/anatomy & histology , Heart/anatomy & histology , Kidney/blood supply , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Immunohistochemistry , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Rats, Wistar , Coronary Vessels/physiology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism , Heart/physiology , Kidney/anatomy & histology , Kidney/physiology , Microcirculation
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(6): 1779-1785, Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134511

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The Bactrian camel, which is native to China and Mongolia, is large in size and is an even-toed ungulate species. The double humps on the Bactrian camel back differentiate it from the dromedary camel, which has a single hump. This species has adapted to unsuitable conditions (lack of food and water) in the Gobi Desert and is advanced in unique anatomical and physiological characteristics during a prolonged evolution period. Several studies have been conducted on the anatomical features of the Bactrian camel, but none have given attention to the alveolar capillaries of the Bactrian camel lung. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the architecture of the alveolar capillary in the Bactrian camel lung and further explain the mechanism of blood flow in its lung. The current study extracted and examined the architecture of the alveolar capillary in the lung of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and further explained the mechanism of blood flow by performing lung casting and replica scanning electron microscopy methods. The reports showed that the resources of the alveolar-capillary originated from the capillaries of the subpleural space or interlobular septulum, sometimes originating from the precapillary arterioles or directly from the terminal arterioles. The alveolar capillaries anastomosed and formed a single layer of dense, basket-like network surrounding the alveolus. The mash diameter of the alveolar-capillary network was larger than that of the capillary, and the appearance of the mash was oval and elliptical. Many of the collapsed alveolar-capillary networks were found in the alveolar microvascular architecture in the lung of the Bactrian camel. The study found that, due to many collapsed alveoli in the Bactrian camel lung, the disproportional pressure between the pulmonary alveoli induced less imbalance of blood flow in the alveolar capillary, which affected the gas exchange efficiency. Therefore, the function of the anastomosing capillary branch was likely to regulate the blood flow between the alveolar-capillary network.


RESUMEN: El camello bactriano, es originario de China y Mongolia, es de gran tamaño y es una especie de ungulado de dedos pares. Las dobles jorobas del lomo del camello bactriano lo diferencian del dromedario, que tiene una sola joroba. Esta especie se ha adaptado a condiciones inadecuadas (falta de alimento y agua) en el desierto de Gobi y ha avanzado en características anatómicas y fisiológicas únicas durante un período de evolución prolongado. Se han realizado varios estudios sobre las características anatómicas del camello bactriano, pero ninguno ha prestado atención a los capilares alveolares del pulmón de este animal. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal explorar la arquitectura del capilar alveolar en el pulmón del camello bactriano y explicar el mecanismo del flujo sanguíneo. A partir de nuestro trabajo se examinó la arquitectura del capilar alveolar en el pulmón del camello bactriano (Camelus bactrianus) mediante la realización de métodos de microscopía electrónica de barrido y escaneo pulmonar. Los informes mostraron que los recursos del alvéolo-capilar se originaban en los capilares del espacio subpleural o del tabique interlobulillar y a veces se originaban en las arteriolas precapilares o directamente en las arteriolas terminales. Los capilares alveolares se anastomosaban y formaban una densa red de capa única en forma de cesta que rodeaba el alvéolo. El diámetro del macerado de la red alveolar-capilar era mayor que el del capilar y el aspecto del macerado era ovalado y elíptico. Muchas de las redes alvéolo-capilares colapsadas se encontraron en la arquitectura microvascular alveolar en el pulmón del camello bactriano. El estudio encontró que, muchos alvéolos colapsados en el pulmón del camello bactriano, la presión desproporcionada entre los alvéolos pulmonares inducía un menor desequilibrio del flujo sanguíneo en el capilar alveolar, lo que afectaba la eficiencia del intercambio de gases. Por lo tanto, la función de la rama capilar anastomosante probablemente regularía el flujo sanguíneo entre la red alveolar-capilar.


Subject(s)
Animals , Pulmonary Alveoli/blood supply , Pulmonary Alveoli/ultrastructure , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Capillaries/ultrastructure , Camelus/anatomy & histology , Lung/blood supply , Lung/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
4.
Ain-Shams Medical Journal. 2006; 57 (4-5-6): 545-551
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-145330

ABSTRACT

Last years in Uzbekistan in connection with increase of requirements of the population industrial production has increased in 7 times. According to this emissions of harmful substances in the environment have increased and reach up to 1, 5 million ton in a year. Now in the agriculture it is used up to 1, 4 million ton mineral fertilizers and 80-85 thousand ton various pesticides. In waters of open reservoirs of Zarafshan valley concentration of residual quantity of pesticides on 40,3% exceeds their maximum concentration limit. It rather negatively influences on the organism of the person and animals. Because these harmful substances are frequently in unchangeable kind get the place with food stuffs in their organism [3]. Health of the person depends on a condition of reproductive bodies [4, 8]. The important role in formation and becoming of function of reproductive bodies is played blood vessels, they primarily react to influence of harmful factors [5, 6, 7]. But the available facts have the argument in concerning the question about process of development and formation of blood vessels of the gonad depending on the age and the location, the degree of reactance of vessels of coating and brain substance of the gonad on action of pesticides of different groups [1, 2] is ambiguously estimated


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Gonads , Rats , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Venules/anatomy & histology , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Pesticides/adverse effects
5.
Acta ortop. bras ; 13(4): 186-188, 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-416959

ABSTRACT

No presente estudo as alterações etárias no sistema capilar foram investigadas nos músculos diafragma e reto anterior do abdome em ratos de 1, 8 e 18 meses de idade. Os padrões de ativação destes músculos diferem em que o diafragma é regularmente mobilizado muitas vezes a cada minuto durante toda a vida do animal, enquanto o reto anterior do abdome, embora mobilizado na respiração seja ativado de maneira muito menos freqüente e regular. As fibras musculares foram pré-incubadas em pH 4,35 e fixadas pelo método de Padykula e Herman para estudar a atividade miofibrilar da ATP-ase, tornando possível a separação das fibras em três grupos: oxidativa lenta (I); glicolítica oxidativa rápida (IIA) e oxidativa rápida (IIB) e a identificação dos capilares ao redor das fibras no mesmo corte. A relação capilar/fibra e a densidade capilar foram obtidas. A análise da relação capilar/fibra e da área entre os dois tipos musculares mostrou padrões diferentes de desenvolvimento capilar, no envelhecimento, das fibras não fatigáveis (I e IIA) do músculo diafragma em comparação com o reto anterior do abdome. Estas diferenças etárias do diafragma e reto anterior do abdome poderiam estar relacionadas à contínua contração diafragmática e poderia vir a ser este um modelo natural de exercício permanente e envelhecimento muscular.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Capillaries/growth & development , Capillaries/physiology , Capillaries/ultrastructure , Aging/metabolism , Rectus Abdominis , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Diaphragm
6.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 245-248, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-20181

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that there are four zones of distinct venous patterns around the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ); i.e. truncal, perforating, palisade (PZ) and gastric zones. Using the distal end of PZ as a marker for GEJ, this study was done to assess the length and patterns of PZ in Koreans, and to assess the prevalence of endoscopic Barrett's esophagus (E-BE) and hiatal hernia (E-HH). METHODS: 847 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic endoscopy were included. During endoscopy, PZ, squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and pinchcock action (PCA) were identified. Patterns were classified according to the relationships of the distal end of PZ with SCJ and PCA; A: all three at the same level, B: SCJ proximal to the other two which are at the same level, C: PCA distal to the other two which are at the same level, D: SCJ proximal to the distal end of PZ which is proximal to PCA. Cases with patterns B and D were thought to have E-BE, and those with patterns C and D to have E-HH. RESULTS: Patterns A, B, C and D were 79.2%, 12.1%, 3.8% and 4.9%, respectively. Length of PZ was 3.0+/-0.1 cm. E-BE and E-HH were found in 17.0% and 8.7%, respectively. Both E-BE and E-HH were more frequently found in males and in cases with reflux esophagitis. CONCLUSION: E-BE and E-HH are not so infrequent in Koreans as previously thought, if we use the distal end of PZ as an endoscopic marker of GEJ.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Esophagogastric Junction/anatomy & histology , Esophagoscopy , Esophagus/anatomy & histology , Hernia, Hiatal/epidemiology , Korea/epidemiology , Prevalence , Regional Blood Flow
7.
Rev. angiol. cir. vasc ; 2(4): 195-7, out.-dez. 1993.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-138771
8.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 28(1): 77-80, ene.-mar. 1990.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-92573

ABSTRACT

Se describe el método de la microcapilaroscopia y se señala su aplicación como prueba auxiliar en el diagnóstico de una serie de enfermedades de la piel. Se resalta el valor que pudiera tener la utilización de este método en el diagnóstico precoz de las lesiones cutáneas en los dedos, producidas por radiaciones ionizantes en los trabajadores con alto riesgo de efectos no estocásticos. Consideramos que seria beneficioso realizar un estudio exploratorio en individuos de diferentes tipos de piel con el propósito de introducir esta técnica auxiliar de diagnóstico en nuestro país


Subject(s)
Humans , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Radiodermatitis/diagnosis
9.
Acta méd. colomb ; 13(3): 129-38, mayo-jun. 1988. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-70258

ABSTRACT

La capilaroscopia in vivo del pliegue ungueal proximal de los dedos de las manos es un procedimento simple, no invasivo, con una sensibilidad y especificidad notables que lo convierten en una ayuda muy util en la valoracion de pacientes con enfermedades del tejido concetivo. Fueron examinados 65 pacientes con esclerosis sistemica progresiva, lupus eritematoso sistemico, dermattomiositis, fenomeno de Raynaud primario o artritis reumatoide. Los resultados confirman la ocurrencia de patrones caracteristicos de algunas entidades: el patron SD fue encontrado en todos los casos de dermatomiositis en 93% de esclerosis y en 80% de fenomeno de Raynaud primario. En la artritis reumatoide no existe un patron particular bien definido por lo que quizas la capilaroscopia es menos util. El seguimiento capilaroscopico de los pacientes con fenomeno de Raynaud primario puede predecir el desarrollo ulterior de una enfermedad sistemica del tejido concetivo.


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , History, 20th Century , Capillaries/anatomy & histology , Capillaries/pathology , Connective Tissue Diseases/classification , Connective Tissue Diseases/pathology , Connective Tissue Diseases/physiopathology , Fingers/blood supply , Colombia
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